PARLIAMENT

 In the example of the Office of the Memorandum, do you remember the role of Parliament? Probably not. Since this decision was not made by Parliament, you would think that Parliament had no role in it. But let's go back to the basics and see if Parliament is included in it. Let us remember the points mentioned at the outset by completing the following sentences:

Mandal Commission Report Report…

President of India to say this…

The Prime Minister did…

The decision was not taken directly by Parliament. However, Parliament's discussions on the Report influenced and shaped government decision. They have put pressure on the government to do something about Mandal's recommendation. If Parliament had not approved the decision, the Government would not have continued with it. Can you guess why? Remember what you learned about Parliament in the previous classes and try to imagine what parliament would have done if it had not approved the Cabinet Decision.

WHY DO WE NEED PARLIAMENT?

Throughout democracy, the elected representatives use the highest political authority on behalf of the people. In Inida such a national meeting of elected representatives is called Parliament. At the level of government this is called the Legislature or the Legislature. It exists in all democracy. It exercises political power on behalf of the people in many ways:

1 Parliament is the last legislative authority in any country. This legislative or legislative function is so important that these meetings are called legislatures. Parliaments around the world can make new laws, change existing laws, or repeal existing laws and replace them.

2 Parliaments around the world exercise some control over those in power. In some countries like India this rule is straightforward and complete. Those in power can make long-term decisions only if they support Parliament.

3 Parliaments control all the money that governments have. in many countries any public money can be used only if Parliament punishes it.

1 Parliament is the highest forum for public debate and debate on national and national policy in any country. Parliament may seek information on any matter.

TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT

As Parliament plays a major role in modern democracies, many major countries divide the role and power of Parliament into two parts. They are called rooms or houses. One house is usually chosen directly by the people and exerts real power on behalf of the people. The second house is often chosen indirectly and performs certain special functions. The most common function of the Second House is to take care of the interests of different countries. regions or government units.

In our country, Parliament has two Houses. two Hoses re-known as the National Council (Rajya abha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). The President of India is a Member of Parliament, although he is not a member of that House. that is why all laws made in houses come into effect only after obtaining the approval of the President.

learned about the Indian Parliament in previous classes. From Chapter Four you know how the Lok Sabha election took place. Let us remember the great difference between the construction of these two Houses of Parliament. Answer the following with Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha:

What is the total number of members?

Who chooses members?

What is the term length (in years)? …

Can the House be dissolved or permanent? ...

Which of the two Houses is most powerful? It can be seen that Rajya Sabha has great power, because it is sometimes called the 'Upper Chamber' and the lok Sabha th in the 'Lowre Chamber'. But this does not mean that Rajya Sabha is more powerful than Lok Sabha. This is just an old style of speaking and not the language used in our Constitution.

Our Constitution gives Rajya Sabha some special powers in the provinces. But for the most part, Lok Sabha wields great power. let's see how:

1 Any common law needs to be passed by both houses. But if there is a difference between the two Houses. the final decision is taken at a joint time in which a joint session is held in which the members of both Houses sit together. due to the large number of members, the view of Lok Sabha may have been present at such a meeting.

2 Lok Sabha uses a lot of power in financial matters. if Lok Sabha has passed a government budget or other money-related legislation. Rajya Sabha can delay it by 14 days or propose a change in it. Lok Sabha may or may not accept these changes.

3 Most importantly, Lok Sabha governs the Council of Ministers. A person who enjoys the support of the majority of Lok Sabha members who are appointed as Prime Minister. If a majority of Lok Sabha members say they have 'no confidence' in the Cabinet, all ministers, including the Prime Minister, should resign. Rajya Sabha does not have this power.

 

5.3 POLITICAL MANAGER

Do you remember the story of the office Memorandum that we started with this chapter? We found that the person who signed the document did not make this decision. He was only making a policy decision taken by someone else. We have noted the role of the Prime Minister who we also know would not have taken that decision if he had not been supported by Lok Sabha.

Thus he was using only the wishes of parliament.

Therefore, at different levels of any government we find employees who make day-to-day decisions without exercising too much power on behalf of the council. They are called executives because they are in charge of the ‘executive’. They hold the ‘executive council. of government policies. therefore, when we talk about ‘government’ we usually mean boss.

POLITICS AND PERFECTION

In a democratic country, two divisions form officials. the one elected by the people or for a period of time, is called a political official. Political leaders who make big decisions fall into this category. In the second category, long-term appointments are made. This is called executive executive or public services are called public servants. They remain in office even if the ruling party changes. These officers work under a political officer and assist them in carrying out the day-to-day administration. Do you remember the role of the chief political and non-political officer in the context of the office memorandum?

You may ask; why is a political executive more powerful than a non-powerful minister than a public servant? A public servant is usually a highly educated person who is usually more educated and more knowledgeable in this regard. Financial advisers working in the Department of Finance know more about the economy than the Minister of Finance. Sometimes the Minister of Finance. Sometimes ministers may know very little about the technical aspects under their ministry. This can easily happen in departments such as Defense, Industry, Health, Science and Technology, Mining, etc. Why should the minister have the final say in these matters?

The reason is simple. in a democracy democracy is high. The minister is elected by the people and thus empowered to do the will of the people on their behalf. He will eventually answer to the people for all the consequences of his decision. That is why the minister makes all the final decisions. The Minister determines the whole framework and objectives that should be taken when making policy decisions. The minister is not, and is not expected to be an expert in the affairs of his ministry. The manager takes expert advice on all technical matters. But often experts hold a different opinion or location before his choice. Depending on the main purpose, the minister decides.

This is actually the case in any large organization. Those who understand the overall picture make the most important decisions, not the experts. Experts can tell you the route, but someone with a great idea decides where to go. In a democracy, elected ministers play this role.

THE PRIME MINISTER AND MINISTER OF MINISTER

The Premier is the most important political institution in the country. However there is no direct election in place of the Prime Minister. The President appoints the Prime Minister. But the President cannot nominate whoever he wants. The President appoints a leader of a majority party or coalition of the ruling parties in Lok Sabha, as Prime Minister. In the event that no single party or coalition nominates a potential Prime Minister, it does not have a fixed term. He continues to rule as long as he remains the leader of the party or coalition.

Following the appointment of the Prime Minister, the President appoints additional ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister. Ministers usually come from a party or coalition that party or coalition with a majority in Lok Sabha. The Prime Minister is free to nominate ministers, as long as they are members of Parliament. Sometimes, a non-member is a minister. However, such a person must be elected to one of the Houses of Parliament within six months of being appointed Minister.

 

Council of Ministers is the official name of a body that includes all Ministers. It usually has 60 to 80 Ministers from different parties.

Cabinet Ministers are usually senior leaders of the ruling party or major parties. Cabinet Ministers usually meet to make decisions on the Council of Ministers. Cabinet is therefore the internal body of the Council of Ministers. has about 20 teachers.

Private finance ministers often run for less. They participate in Cabinet meetings only when invited in particular.

State Ministers are attached and need to assist Cabinet ministers.

As it is not possible for all ministers to meet regularly and discuss all, decisions are taken at Cabinet meetings. That is why parliamentary democracy in many countries is often known as Cabinet acting as a party. Cabinet acts as a party. Ministers may have different views and opinions, but everyone should be in debt

So you may be wondering what the President is really doing? Do you do anything alone at all? There is one very important thing he has to do alone: ​​appoint a Prime Minister. When a party or coalition of parties gets a clear majority in an election, the President must appoint a leader of the majority party or coalition that gets the most support in Lok Sabha.

When no party or coalition gets the majority in Lok Sabha, the President uses his discretion. Presidnt nominates a leader in his opinion who can gain the support of the majority in Lok Sabha. In such a case, the President may ask the newly appointed Prime Minister to confirm public support in Lok Sabha at some point.

THE PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM

Presidents around the world are not always elected officials like the Presidnet of India. in many countries of the world, the President is the head of state and head of government. The President of the United States of America is a well-known example of this type of President. The US itself elects and nominates all Ministers. Legislation is being made by the legislature (called Congress in the US), but the president can vote for any law. Most importantly, the president does not need the support of the majority of members in the ANC and does not respond to them. he has a four-year term of office and completes it even if his party has no majority in the ANC.

This model is followed in many Latin American countries and in countries outside the Soviet Union. Given the importance of the President, this system of government is called the Government type of government. in countries like ours following the British model, parliament is at the top. Our plan is therefore called the government's parliamentary system.